Unifying local-global type properties in vector optimization.

It is well-known that all local minimum points of a semistrictly quasiconvex real-valued function are global minimum points. Also, any local maximum point of an explicitly quasiconvex real-valued function is a global minimum point, provided that it belongs to the intrinsic core of the function’s domain. The aim of this paper is to show that these “local min - global min” and “local max - global min” type properties can be extended and unified by a single general localglobal extremality principle for certain generalized convex vector-valued functions with respect to two proper subsets of the outcome space. For particular choices of these two sets, we recover and refine several local-global properties known in the literature, concerning unified vector optimization (where optimality is defined with respect to an arbitrary set, not necessarily a convex cone) and, in particular, classical vector/multicriteria optimization.Nicolae Popovici’s research was supported by a grant of the Romanian Ministry of Research and Innovation, CNCS-UEFISCDI, project number PN-III-P4-ID-PCE- 2016-0190, within PNCDI III

El consejo técnico escolar: dinámicas de participación y posibilidades de desarrollo

En la reforma educativa de 2013 resurgió en la normatividad mexicana el concepto de independencia pedagógica-administrativa en las escuelas, orientado a promover el aprendizaje con mejores instrumentos de evaluación y buenas prácticas. El organismo facilitador de esta empresa es el Consejo Técnico Escolar (CTE), encargado de diseñar una ruta de mejora y dar seguimiento a los avances y resultados de la labor docente. Este libro tiene como objetivo presentar los aspectos relevantes de la operación de estos órganos colegiados, con la intención de indagar cómo trabajan, en qué situaciones operan y qué elementos favorecen aprendizajes significativos en el aula. El análisis del CTE se realiza desde distintas miradas: como política pública, como liderazgo directivo y agencia del personal, como comunidad de práctica y espacio para la gestión del conocimiento, las expectativas y realidades que presentan, no solo desde la teoría sino con el apoyo de documentados estudios de caso. El lector, especializado o no en temas educativos, encontrará en estas investigaciones elementos clave para conocer e identificar cómo estos colectivos docentes funcionan y dirigen la escuela hacia algún grado de autonomía, así como sus posibilidades y contribuciones en la gestión de cambios y la mejora educativa en nuestro país.ITESOConsejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologí

Set optimization - a rather short introduction

Recent developments in set optimization are surveyed and extended including various set relations as well as fundamental constructions of a convex analysis for set- and vector-valued functions, and duality for set optimization problems. Extensive sections with bibliographical comments summarize the state of the art. Applications to vector optimization and financial risk measures are discussed along with algorithmic approaches to set optimization problems

Lagrange Duality in Set Optimization

Based on the complete-lattice approach, a new Lagrangian duality theory for set-valued optimization problems is presented. In contrast to previous approaches, set-valued versions for the known scalar formulas involving infimum and supremum are obtained. In particular, a strong duality theorem, which includes the existence of the dual solution, is given under very weak assumptions: The ordering cone may have an empty interior or may not be pointed. "Saddle sets" replace the usual notion of saddle points for the Lagrangian, and this concept is proven to be sufficient to show the equivalence between the existence of primal/dual solutions and strong duality on the one hand and the existence of a saddle set for the Lagrangian on the other hand

A taxonomic backbone for the global synthesis of species diversity in the angiosperm order Caryophyllales

The Caryophyllales constitute a major lineage of flowering plants with approximately 12500 species in 39 families. A taxonomic backbone at the genus level is provided that reflects the current state of knowledge and accepts 749 genera for the order. A detailed review of the literature of the past two decades shows that enormous progress has been made in understanding overall phylogenetic relationships in Caryophyllales. The process of re-circumscribing families in order to be monophyletic appears to be largely complete and has led to the recognition of eight new families (Anacampserotaceae, Kewaceae, Limeaceae, Lophiocarpaceae, Macarthuriaceae, Microteaceae, Montiaceae and Talinaceae), while the phylogenetic evaluation of generic concepts is still well underway. As a result of this, the number of genera has increased by more than ten percent in comparison to the last complete treatments in the Families and genera of vascular plants” series. A checklist with all currently accepted genus names in Caryophyllales, as well as nomenclatural references, type names and synonymy is presented. Notes indicate how extensively the respective genera have been studied in a phylogenetic context. The most diverse families at the generic level are Cactaceae and Aizoaceae, but 28 families comprise only one to six genera. This synopsis represents a first step towards the aim of creating a global synthesis of the species diversity in the angiosperm order Caryophyllales integrating the work of numerous specialists around the world

Evaluation of appendicitis risk prediction models in adults with suspected appendicitis

Background Appendicitis is the most common general surgical emergency worldwide, but its diagnosis remains challenging. The aim of this study was to determine whether existing risk prediction models can reliably identify patients presenting to hospital in the UK with acute right iliac fossa (RIF) pain who are at low risk of appendicitis. Methods A systematic search was completed to identify all existing appendicitis risk prediction models. Models were validated using UK data from an international prospective cohort study that captured consecutive patients aged 16–45 years presenting to hospital with acute RIF in March to June 2017. The main outcome was best achievable model specificity (proportion of patients who did not have appendicitis correctly classified as low risk) whilst maintaining a failure rate below 5 per cent (proportion of patients identified as low risk who actually had appendicitis). Results Some 5345 patients across 154 UK hospitals were identified, of which two‐thirds (3613 of 5345, 67·6 per cent) were women. Women were more than twice as likely to undergo surgery with removal of a histologically normal appendix (272 of 964, 28·2 per cent) than men (120 of 993, 12·1 per cent) (relative risk 2·33, 95 per cent c.i. 1·92 to 2·84; P < 0·001). Of 15 validated risk prediction models, the Adult Appendicitis Score performed best (cut‐off score 8 or less, specificity 63·1 per cent, failure rate 3·7 per cent). The Appendicitis Inflammatory Response Score performed best for men (cut‐off score 2 or less, specificity 24·7 per cent, failure rate 2·4 per cent). Conclusion Women in the UK had a disproportionate risk of admission without surgical intervention and had high rates of normal appendicectomy. Risk prediction models to support shared decision‐making by identifying adults in the UK at low risk of appendicitis were identified